xviii Introduction. 



Yi from North America, especially the north-western regions, 

 k between 40 and 60 N. lat., and Japan. From North America 

 we have the gigantic Sequoias, the stately Piceas and Abies, 

 and many species of Pinus, together with some of the hand- 

 somest of the Cupressineae. Japan and Northern China furnish 

 us with many beautiful forms of Biota orientalis, several species 

 of Juniperus and Eetinospora, and the peculiar forms illustrated 

 by such species as Cephalotaxus drupacea, Thuiopsis dolabrata, 

 Sciadopitys verticillata, Salisburia adiantifolia, Cunninghamia 

 Sinensis, and Cryptomeria Japonica. In addition we have 

 the hardy European species, a few from the mountains of 

 India and Mexico, and one or two outliers, like Araucaria 

 imbricata and Fitzroya Patagonica, from South America. Most 

 of the Mexican species are too tender for our climate ; but 

 India furnishes us with a few of the handsomest species in cul- 

 tivation, as, for example, Cedrus Deodara, and Pinus excelsa. 

 Evergreen trees and shrubs not belonging to the Coniferous 

 tribe sufficiently hardy for cultivation in the open air, are chiefly 

 from the South of Europe and Japan. As examples of South 

 European species we may name the Sweet Bay, Laurestine, 

 Portugal and Common Laurels, Evergreen Oak, Phillyrea and 

 Heaths. The Japanese region contributes the well-known Au- 

 cuba, numerous forms of which have recently been introduced, 

 Euonymus, Eurya, Berberis, Ligustrum coriaceum, and several 

 others, most of which, however, are too tender, except for the 

 warmer parts of the kingdom. Asia Minor contributes Rho- 

 dodendron Ponticum, and North America, and the mountains 

 of India are the native countries of most of the other cul- 

 tivated species of this beautiful genus. Kalmia, and several 

 other less important Ericaceae, are from North America. South 

 America contributes Berberis Darwinii and other species, 

 Escallonia species, Pernettya mucronata, Fabiana imbricata, 

 Lardizabala biternata, and the quasi-deciduous Buddlea globosa. 

 The eastern and central regions of North America are as 

 rich in deciduous as the west is in evergreen trees, including 

 numerous Oaks, Maples, Hickories, Chestnuts, and several 

 Magnolias, Limes, Elms, Poplars, Eobinias, and the Tulip 

 Tree. Shrubs cultivated mainly for the beauty of their flowers 

 are also abundantly represented in North America, e.g. Spiraea, 



