Introduction* xxxv 



Herbs with parallel-veined leaves and umbellate flowers 



Commclynaccte, page 536 

 Placentas parietal. 



Shrubs with linear net-veined leaves " . > Pkilesia, p. 532 

 Perianth-segments similar. 



Flowers scattered, inconspicuous. Leaves flat or fistular, 



Jitncaceae, p. 537 

 Flowers on a spadix. Leaves usually broad with reticulated 



veins Aroidca, p. 461 



Flowers usually umbellate. Leaves broad, net-veined and 



ribbed. Shrubs Smilacmcte, p. 532 



Outer perianth-segments petaloid. 

 Carpels more or less distinct. 



Placentas spread over the dissepiments. An aquatic with long 

 triquetrous leaves and umbellate flowers elevated upon a 



long stalk Butomus, p. 465 



Placentas narrow. An aquatic with sagittate leaves and 



elongated inflorescence Sagittaria, p. 464 



Carpels combined into a solid pistil. 



Placentae parietal. A climbing ghrub with 5-nerved ovate 



leaves and showy flowers . - . . . . Lapagcria, p. 532 

 Placentas axile. 



Petals rolled inwards after flowering. Aquatic herbs with 

 cordate or oblong leaves and small blue flowers 



Pontederacece, p. 535 

 Petals not rolled inwards after flowering. 



Anthers turned outwards. Capsule usually dehiscing eep* 

 ticidally. Crocus-like plants or with broad conspir 

 cuou sly-nerved leaves ancj. paniculate flowers, 



Melanthaceae, p. 533 



Anthers turned inwards. Fruit when capsular dehiscing 

 loculicidally. Herbs of very dissimilar habit and in- 

 florescence, rarely shrubs . . , JjHiaccce, p. 494 



B. Flowers without a distinct perianth. 



Flowers glumaceous. 



Tufted herbs with linear leaves, with a split sheath and hollow 



terete flower-stems . . . . Graminea, p. 538 



Tufted herbs with linear leaves, sheath not split, and usually 



angular solid flower-stems . . : . . Cyperacece, p. 537 



Flowers naked or with a few bristles or hairs, and arranged on a 



spadix. 

 Fruit baccate. Spadix usually more or less enveloped in a spathe, 



Aroidece, p. 461 

 Fruit dry. Spadix naked, or spathe reduced to a bract Typhacca, p. 464 



b2 



