HANDBOOK 



OP 



HARDY PLANTS. 



PART I. -DESCRIPTIONS OF HARDY PLANTS 



SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED. 



PHJ5NOGAMOUS OR FLOWEKING PLANTS. 



VEGETABLES with manifest staminate and pistillate flowers, 

 and seeds containing a distinct embryo. 



SUB-CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONS OR EXOGENS. 



Stem when perennial consisting of a central pith, concentric 

 layers of wood, and a separable bark ; and increasing in size 

 by additions between the wood already formed and the bark. 

 Leaves net-veined. Seeds with 2 opposite entire cotyledons, or 

 rarely deeply divided, as in some of the Coniferce. Parts of 

 the flower generally in fours or fives. 



DIVISION l.POLYPETAL^E. 



Petals, when present, free from the base, or very slightly 

 united. 



ORDER L-RANUNCULACEJE. 



Perennial or annual herbs with radical or alternate leaves, 

 rarely climbing shrubs with opposite leaves. Stipules absent, 

 or adnate to the petiole. Flowers regular or irregular. Sepals 

 5 or more, rarely fewer, deciduous, often petaloid, imbricate or 

 valvate in bud. Petals often undeveloped, or 5 or more, some- 

 times only 3, frequently minute or deformed. Stamens many, 

 hypogynous; anthers adnate, dehiscing laterally. Carpels 



