CafrifoKacete Sambucus. 225 



Corolla rotate. Stamens 5. Berry 3- to 5-celled ; cells one- 

 seeded. There are about ten species, widely dispersed in 

 temperate regions. The name is from cra^UK.^ a musical in- 

 strument, in reference to the former use of the wood. 



1. $. nlgra. Elder. There are several varieties of this 

 common tree in cultivation, including one, laciniata, with the 

 leaves deeply cut, and variegated forms of both varieties, and 

 another with double flowers.. 



S. Ebulus, Danewort, is an indigenous herbaceous species 

 with leafy stipules and smaller cymes, easily recognised as a 

 congener of the commoner one. 8. racemosa is a South 

 European species with yellowish flowers and scarlet berries. 8. 

 Canadensis and S. glauca are North American species rarely 

 seen in our gardens. 



ORDER LYIIT. RUBIACE^E. 



SUB-ORDER I. StellatSO. 



Herbs with quadrangular stems and whorled entire leaves. 

 Flowers very small, articulated with the pedicel, in axillary or 

 terminal stalked cymes. Calyx-limb superior, annular, or 

 toothed, or obsolete. Corolla rotate, campanulate or funnel- 

 shaped ; lobes valvate. Stamens 3 to 5, inserted on the corolla- 

 tube. Fruit didymous, of two 1 -seeded lobes. The species are 

 numerous in temperate countries. Our native Goose-grass, or 

 Cleavers, and Bedstraw (Galium spp.) belong to this sub-order. 



1. ASPERULA. 



Calyx-limb obsolete. Corolla funnel- or bell-shaped, 4-lobed. 

 Stamens 4. There are about fifty species, a few of which are 

 in cultivation. The name is from the Latin asper, rough. 

 Many of the species are clothed with hispid hairs. 



1. A. odor ata. This is the prettiest of the native species of 

 this family, growing about a foot high, with from six to nine 

 lanceolate cuspidate ciliate leaves in each whorl, and terminal 

 cymes of white flowers. The whole plant exhales a pleasant 

 odour when dry. 



2. A. azurea, var. setosa. This is a very handsome and 

 very hardy annual, growing about a foot or more high. Leaves 

 lanceolate, bristly, about eight in a whorl. Flowers sky-blue, 



Q 



