408 Juglandacecz. 



Pterocarya Caucdsica and Japonica are rare trees in culti- 

 vation. They are distinguished by their female flowers being 

 in catkin?, and the fruits furnished with two lateral wings. 

 Ph. fraxinifolia is another name of the Caucasian species. 

 Fortuncea Chinensis is a shrub or tree from Northern China 

 with smooth sharply serrated leaflets, and the female flowers in 

 dense bracteolate cones or spikes. The fruit is small, 2-winged 

 and concealed beneath the rigid scales or bracteoles. 



ORDER CVL CUPULIFEBJE. 



This is an important order, including nearly all our indige- 

 nous timber trees, besides a large number of exotic ornamental 

 and useful species. Leaves deciduous in nearly all the hardy 

 species, alternate, simple, entire or lobed or toothed, stipulate. 

 Flowers monoecious. Perianth composed of 5 or more segments, 

 or absent in the male flowers, which are solitary or clustered or 

 in catkins with or without bracts. Female flowers with an 

 adnate perianth, sessile in a coriaceous involucre formed of free 

 or connate bracts ; ovary inferior, 2- or 3- or several-celled, 

 with one or two ovules in each cell. Fruit a glans or nut, 

 seated on or enclosed within the cupular involucre, by abortion 

 usually 1 -celled and 1 -seeded, the other cells becoming obli- 

 terated, rarely 2-seeded. Seeds large, destitute of albumen, 

 and having large thick cotyledons. 12 genera, and about 280 

 species belong to this group. The species are most abundant 

 in northern temperate regions, but occur in the south, and 

 sparingly on the mountains of tropical countries. 



1. QUfiRCUS. 



Evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs. Male flowers in 

 loose slender catkins ; perianth 5- to 10-lobed ; stamens inde- 

 finite, with slender exserted filaments. Female flower solitary, 

 perianth 3- to 8-lobed, ovary 3-celled, styles 3. Fruit ovoid 

 or oblong, 1 -seeded, seated in a cupule of imbricated scales. 

 There are about 250 species belonging to this genus, none of 

 which occur south of the equator. The name is of classical 

 Latin origin. 



1. Q. Robur. Common Oak. This is the most majestic of 

 our indigenous trees, though in height it is usually exceeded by 



