C^lpul^fer<z Quercus. 409 



the Elm and other species, very rarely attaining to 90 or 100 

 feet. There are two extreme forms which have been classed as 

 species, but intermediate connecting varieties have since been 

 discovered. Q. R. sessiliflora has petiolate leaves and nearly 

 or quite sessile acorns ; Q. R. pedunculata has sessile leaves 

 and pedunculate acorns. This species has a wide range of 

 distribution in Europe and Asia. There are several slight 

 varieties, and a few sufficiently distinct to plant in large col- 

 lect >ns, such as pendida, heterophylla, pectinata, varieyata, 

 and picta, the latter with pink, white and green foliage. 



2. Q. Cerris. Turkey Oak. A very handsome deciduous 

 South European species of more rapid and symmetrical growth 

 than the native Oak. The leaves in the common form are 

 usually smaller and more finely lobed and sharply toothed, and 

 the fruit is not ripened till the second year. The bracts 

 forming the cup or involucre of the long narrow acorn are long, 

 narrow and spreading. This is the only exotic deciduous 

 species commonly planted, and of this there are many fine 

 specimens in various parts of this country. Although the leaves 

 change to brown in Autumn, they persist during a greater part of 

 Winter. There are several varieties, including a very beautiful 

 silver-variegated one, and another with large almost evergreen 

 foliage called Fulhamensis. 



3. Q. cocoinea. Scarlet Oak. A highly ornamental species 

 with large deciduous oblong-oval sinuately lobed petiolate 

 glabrescent leaves about a foot long. Acorn small, ovoid or 

 globular, half-immersed in a scaly involucre. This is a hand- 

 some fast-growing large tree of pyramidal outline, and espe- 

 cially conspicuous in Autumn when the foliage changes to a 

 bright scarlet. It is a native of North America, and less 

 valuable as a timber-tree than many other species. 



Q. alba. White Oak, Q. macrocdrpa, Bur Oak, Q. rubra, 

 Red Oak, and Q. tinctoria, Yellow-barked Oak, are other North 

 American ornamental and useful species, but they are almost 

 unknown in this country. Q. ^Egilops, the Valonia Oak, fiu> 

 nishes the very large acorns imported from the South of Europe 

 into this country for tanning purposes. It is rarely seen, except 

 in a very small state, in this country. 



4. Q. Ilex. Evergreen Oak. The only species of the ever- 

 green section commonly seen. It is variable in foliage from 

 narrow-lanceolate to oblong or nearly rotundate, and more or 

 less prickly toothed or quite entire. The acorns are small and 



