604 Classification of Plants. 



the parent forms. Amongst the more robust weeping' trees 

 with ample shady foliage, are the Purple and Green-leaved 

 Beech, the variety pendula of Ulmus montana, and the Weeping 

 Aspen (Populus tremula pendula). Sophora Japonica pendula 

 is a very beautiful example of this peculiarity of habit. The 

 Kilmarnock Weeping Willow (Salix Caprea pendula) is the ordi- 

 nary broad-lqaved form ; and several others, as well as Weeping 

 Ash-trees, will be found described in the first part of this work. 

 More or less pendulous varieties of the Oak, Birch, Almond, 

 Laburnum, Thorn, Poplar, and Mountain Ash are grown, but 

 they do not possess the same title to the appellation as those above 

 mentioned.' Besides the foregoing, there is a host of weeping 

 forms of smaller slender shrubby plants, such as the Privet, 

 Broom, small forms of Elm, Prunus, etc. These are grafted or 

 budded on stems of common varieties, and form very pretty 

 objects planted out singly or interspersed with shrubs. 



2. Frutescent, The hardy species of woody plants coming 

 under this denomination are even more numerous than in the 

 first division, and offer greater variety in habit, foliage, and 

 flowers. It should be borne in mind that many plants which 

 never or seldom exceed the shrubby state in our climate be- 

 come large trees in their native countries. And consequently 

 the term shrub will be understood as of relative or comparative 

 application, and as sometimes indicating the. young state of a 

 tree. For example, in sheltered or otherwise favourable locali- 

 ties 5 the following, amongst others, attain the dimensions of 

 small trees,; Ehododendrons, Sweet Bay, Arbutus, Portugal 

 Laurels, Arbor- Vitses, Hollies, Junipers, and Tree-Box. But as 

 all of these in the ordinary way are shrubby, we include them 

 here. Shrubs may be conveniently divided into two groups : 

 Erect, and Climbing or Trailing. In each of these groups we 

 may follow the same classification as that adopted for the 

 trees. The term erect applies to all those shrubs that require 

 no support to keep their branches off the ground. Thus we 

 have : 



a. Evergreen erect Shrubs. Firstly, we have shrubs with 

 ornamental foliage and inconspicuous flowers ; and here again 

 the Conifers afford an extensive choice. The compact forms 

 of many of the varieties of Thuja occidentalis, Biota orientalis, 

 Taxus, Buxus, pigmy Pines and Firs, Junipers, Eetinosporas, 

 Ligustrum coriaceum, etc., are very interesting, and suitable 

 for small gardens, single specimens on lawns, and the foreground 



