64 



for instance, such self sterile fruit as the Bartlett and other pears. 

 Top graft a few of these or plant amongst them some varieties 

 which will supply the pollen necessary for insuring cross fertilisation 

 and the better setting of fruit. Pears and plums do better on a 

 strong retentive soil than peaches and nectarines. Cherries do 

 better on stony land on a high slope. Walnuts and chestnuts in 

 well sheltered, shaded and moist situations. Almonds and figs in 

 the warmest and driest parts. Oranges in rich, warm, and well- 

 sheltered places. With reference to grape vines due attention 

 should be paid in those places periodically visited by late frosts to 

 the time the several varieties burst into leaf. Amongst those 

 varieties budding late are : Carignane, Mataro, Cabernet Sauvignon. 

 Amongst those pushing forth their buds early the Chasselas, Mal- 

 bec, G-renache, Verdot, Pinot, Muscat, Black Hamburgh. 



In close proximity to a large market, and where easy means of 

 communication exist, summer and early autumn fruits that are not 

 suitable for distant transportation and require to be consumed as 

 soon as ripe would be profitable ; there also early sorts will pay 

 better than late varieties that could perhaps be grown to greater 

 perfection in some more remote district. 



On the other hand, the more distant grower will find autumn 

 and winter apples, pears, and fruits that carry well more profitable. 



Only those varieties that have been well proved as suitable in 

 regard to soil, climate, or the special purpose they are grown for, 

 should be cultivated, and of these, the varieties that succeed re- 

 markably well in a particular locality more largely planted. 



Having made up your mind what sort of produce you want to 

 turn out, and satisfied yourself as to which varieties succeed best in 

 the particular locality you are in, plant as few varieties as possible. 

 You will find a readier market for your produce if you only keep a 

 few " lines," to use a term employed in commercial circles. Do not 

 have all the sorts ripening at the same time ; in an early district 

 favour more especially early sorts, and in a late one, late varieties of 

 fruit, as you will then, with your produce meet a firm market that 

 is not glutted with fruits of all sorts. 



VINE-PLANTING. 



Some vines, such as the Malbec, for instance, are much liable 

 to the accident of coulure, or of imperfect setting of the flowers, 

 when grown on low ground with bad drainage, and do far better on 

 deep, free, undulating ground. Table grapes should be planted in 

 the richest soil in the vineyard, more especially if they can receive 

 a few extra waterings from the time of flowering till the period the 

 berries change colour. 



Whatever kind of grapes are planted, let each variety stand 

 separately. I have seen on some of the most famous and ancient 

 vineyards of the Medoc near Bordeaux, the Cabernet, the Malbec, 

 the Merlot, and the Verdot planted indiscriminately in the same 



