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with most satisfactory results. The systematic grafting of vines is, 

 however, a more modern operation, and was devised to counteract 

 the attacks of the phylloxera on the European vineyards. 

 Quite a formidable array of grape vine stocks have for this pur- 

 pose been suggested, tested, and found wanting. Some are not 

 sufficiently phylloxera resistant; some do not readily take the 

 graft ; others are not vigorous enough ; whilst others, again, fail 

 to grow in limestone formations or have such liking for some 

 particular character of soil, that when established on any other 

 they cease to grow with sufficient luxuriance. Of all the varieties 

 tried the Riparia family, or " plain vines," the Rupestris family, 

 or " rock vines," and the Berlandieri f amily have supplied the stocks 

 required for vines grown on moist alluvial soils, or hilly and rocky 

 localities, or on limestone country. All members of these families, 

 again, have not to the same extent proved equally satisfactory, 

 and a few select ones only have been found to present the conditions 

 of a stock suitable for grafting vines on. Some of the most notable 

 members of these families the Department of Agriculture has 

 introduced into this State, where they are now being propagated. 

 Every precaution, it is needless to say, has been taken against the 

 introduction, at the same time, of the phylloxera pest, or of the 

 other disastrous blights and rots which prey on the grape vine in 

 Europe and America. The varieties introduced, and which are the 

 most suitable for grafting vines to are : Riparia Glory of Mont- 

 pellies (Syn. Portalis), Riparia Giant Glabre, Rupestris Monticola, 

 or St. George, Rupestris Martin. The characters of these varieties 

 will be described in a subsequent chapter. Apart from these 

 resistant stocks, other partly resistant sturdy American vines, such 

 as the Labrusca family, have the greatest affinity to European vines, 

 and readily unite. Some of these varieties, such as the Isabella 

 Concord, are well known to most growers. 



WAYS OF GRAFTING. 



A number of ways have been devised for uniting together two 

 subjects, a stock and a scion, with the view of building up a com- 

 plete plant. 



Inarching 



consists in bringing together two plants growing alongside one 

 another. This is effected by inlaying a piece, cut slanting, of a 

 stem or branch of one plant into a stem or branch of another plant, 

 tying them fast together. 



Whip Grafting. 



The method is thus described and illustrated by B. M. Lelong, 

 of the State Board of Horticulture of California : 



This is one of the most simple of the divers methods of graft- 

 ing young stocks, and is operated either in the field or indoors 

 on the bench. In grafting seedling stocks (one or two years) in 

 the field, the stems of the stocks are cut off at the collar. The 

 stems are cut by simply drawing the knife upwards, making a 



