124 



this method, and of the class that require short pruning. The- 

 single stem sturdy and straight, having been formed, a fork of two 

 spurs, with two buds on each, is left when pruning the second year ; 

 these will constitute the first two arms of the vine ; the subsequent 

 season one or two spurs are left on these arms, and so on until 

 the number of spurs is increased to six or eight, in the case of a 

 strong vine. When well- shaped the vines need not stand in the 

 way of the horse implements, and when the arms became too long, 

 advantage is taken of the presence of any water shoot conveniently 

 situated closer to the stem. This shoot is at pruning time cut 

 back to two buds, and turned into a spur to fill the gap of tha 

 longer and older arms, which can then without inconvenience be- 

 sawn off or cut hard back. . 



SPUR PRUNING. 



A. A. shows the points of section and spur left after pruning. Method of pruning wood 

 growing on a short spur, set on a permanent rod. A. and B. show where to cut (FoEx). 



To this group also belong vines pruned half -long and trained 

 goblet shape. The figure above (page 122) illustrates this method of 

 training. 



The heavy initial cost of staking or trellising a vineyard 

 planted with sorts requiring lon^r pruning at times makes it 

 convenient to train vines without support. 



The wood-cut alongside illustrates 

 this method of training. One or 

 more long rods, consisting of six to 

 ten eyes (C) , with a short wood spur 

 of two eyes at the base of each (S), 

 are for this purpose left on the vine. 

 the end of the rods being either bent 

 down and tied to the base of the oppo- 

 site rod, or the rods are made to en- 

 twine together in the form of a bow. 



It is customary to leave the long 

 rod above the short wood spur, which 

 are left closer to the stem, in 

 order to keep the arms of the vine 

 from rising too rapidly, as the long 

 rods being cut off the subsequent 

 pruning, the wood necessary to con- 

 tinue that method of pruning is found 

 supplied by last season's short spurs. 



Long rods and short spurs. 



