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the first crop of figs shows more plainly ; the fruit hangs down 

 from the branch without a leaf alongside of it. Further on the 

 conical terminal shoot grows on and leaves come out around it ; 

 just in the axils of these leaves more diminutive buds also show, 

 which, later in the summer, constitute the second crop of figs. In 

 prolonged seasons the growth of terminal shoots, as well as of 

 laterals, continuing without interruption, may in this manner evolve 

 even a third crop, but more generally the third crop remains 

 dormant until the following early spring, and it is then a first crop 

 again. It is thus seen that if laterals and terminals are cut back 

 in the winter a proportion of the first crop is cut off, and this 

 pruning leading to the growth of a greater number of laterals, these 

 will produce a larger second crop proportionately with the number 

 of young shoots which have burst into growth. No apparent 

 flower is seen on the fig, those organs being hidden from view by 

 the skin which covers them ; as the fruit enlarges the blossoms 

 expand, and when fertilised the seeds mature. 



Old fig trees which have grown in a distorted manner and 

 require rejuvenating are simply cut hard back to the height desired, 

 and the numerous latent buds under the bark will, in the spring, 

 start growing ; these shoots should be thinned out to a few only . 

 Large wounds should be dressed with some covering mixture. 



PRUNING THE OLIVE. 



The tree should be kept low, and trained with a globular head, 

 somewhat vase-shaped in the middle ; this permits of easier and 

 more careful gathering of the fruit by hand, and a larger surface 

 exposed to the sun and light. 



During the first year or two the main effort of the grower 

 should consist in throwing all the vigour and energy of the young 

 tree into one stem only. This is shortened to a height of three 

 feet or so, and a head formed by allowing three to four branches to 

 grow. Like all fruit trees, great expense is saved in gathering the 

 crop by having the trees branched low ; they are also better able 

 to resist the winds, and the bodies are thus protected from the 

 hot sun. 



The olive bears its crop on the growth of the previous year, 

 and it is therefore essential to favour the multiplication of new 

 shoots in order to increase annual production. This is done by 

 shortening the terminal shoots when shaping the trees, suppressing 

 the " gluttons," or fruitless water shoots, removing all branches 

 that are misplaced, crossed, or are in the way, and keeping down 

 the suckers. A dense growth of foliage in the centre of the tree 

 should be reduced by thinning out some of the branches. This 

 also checks the black scale and the sooty mould. Whipping the 



