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stalk no knife is required to pick the crop, which is thus gathered 

 in less time. Conies into leaf early, and is, therefore, liable to 

 suffer from late frosts ; is subject to the o'idium ; pruned short ; 

 cultivated for quantity more than quality. The grape being juicy, 

 the must represents as much as 65 to 70 per cent, of its weight ; 

 whereas in the case of most other grapes, the ratio is 60 to 65 per 

 cent. only. In France, the wine made from the Aramon grape is 

 light in colour, and only contains 9 per cent, alcohol, and in the 

 plains the average yield is about 800 gallons ; whereas in Western 

 Australia the average yield is 400 gallons, and the alcoholic strength 

 11 per cent. The wine matures quickly, and is generally consumed 

 the year of its making. 



ASPIRAN (syn. Verdal Spiran). One of the choice varieties of 

 the South of France, where quantity more than quality is sought 

 for. Season medium (third period). Merits : second rate ; produces 

 better wine than Aramon, or Mataro. Vine : growth rather 

 vigorous ; shoots semi-erect, slender, with medium-sized joints of a 

 light-red colour; buds slightly downy. Leaves of medium size, 

 five-lobed, deeply indented ; teeth deep, uneven, which gives to the 

 leaf a feathery appearance; upper surface yellowish green and 

 smooth ; under surface with slight woolly down near the veins ; 

 petiolar sinus almost closed ; and leaves die with a red margin, also 

 the stalks. Fruit: bunches medium size, somewhat shouldered, 

 close set, cylindro-conical. Berries : medium size, slightly oval ; 

 skin rather thick, of a purplish-black colour, covered with bloom. 

 Flesh : very juicy, of a slight acid taste, making it a pleasant table 

 grape as well. 



Cultural Notes. Is pruned short and trained bush fashion. 

 Produces in warm localities a pleasant wine of fair keeping 

 qualities, but light colour ; a good bearer, producing from 200 to 

 400 gallons per acre. Comes into leaf medium early, but does not 

 suffer from spring frost. Grows best in a deep, free soil, pre- 

 ferably gravelly, and of a reddish colour. Not much subject to 

 fungoid diseases. 



CABIGNANE (syn. Carignaii). A useful grape for the drier and 

 hotter districts. Season medium (third period). Merits: combines 

 in a happy degree both quality and quantity wherever the circum- 

 stances are favourable. Vine : growth of stem thick and vigorous ; 

 an erect grower. Shoots : strong, thick, and hard, hence the name it 

 often goes by Bois dur ; tips of shoots seldom ripen properly ; short- 

 jointed at the base, of a light-red colour, turning to brownish-red 

 in the autumn ; young shoots as they burst are downy and slightly 

 pink on under margin. Buds dark in colour, and rather large. Leaves 

 large, rough, and wrinkled ; five-lobed ; sinus deep ; upper surface 

 dark-green and smooth, under surface light-green and slightly 

 downy; leaves turn red in the 'autumn. Fruit: bunches large and 

 well-set, sub-divided into small bunches. Berries : medium size 

 and slightly oblong ; black, juicy, and rich. 



Cultural Notes. Prune short and train bush fashion. Very 

 subject to all sorts of fungoid diseases, therefore moist and damp 



