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peduncle large, thick, rather soft, yellowish-green. Berries : large, 

 pretty uniform in size, flattened and umbilicate, dull black, 

 adhering strongly to the pedicel, which is long ; skin thick ; flesh 

 firm, sweet, pleasant. Yields in must about 55 per cent, of the 

 weight of its bunches. The must is unsuited for dry wines, but 

 when fermented produces a wine possessing the true port wine 

 type. At one time this vine was supposed to be phylloxera-proof, 

 but it is only proved to be partially so. 



PINOT, BLACK (syn. Black Cluster, Burgundy [?] in Australia). 

 Vine not very vigorous; requires stalking or trellising; wood 

 uniformly thin all along. Buds : covered with whitish down ; burst 

 early ; numerous tendrils. Leaves : medium size, almost round on 

 the bearing canes, more indented on suckers ; smooth on the surface, 

 slightly downy below. Bunches : small, often cylindrical, sometimes 

 shouldered, strongly attached to a short peduncle, which is woody 

 above the joint. Berries : small, spherical, and compressed ; skin 

 thick, tough, rich in colouring matter, black, with light bloom ; 

 flesh juicy; sweet. Leaves dropoff early. This variety is only 

 suitable for cool localities, ripens early. (First period.) A shy 

 bearer; average yield 150 gallons to the acre. Does better on 

 long pruning. In dry and hot districts the grapes ripen so quickly 

 and are so small that they soon dry up, thus reducing the yield 

 and the colour. Does well on limestone formation. Forms the 

 foundation of the choicest Burgundy wines and of champagne. 



SHIRAZ (syn. Hermitage). Grown extensively in the celebrated 

 Hermitage vineyards of France (Rhone Valley). Supposed to 

 have been imported from Persia. Season : mid-season (second 

 period). Merits: produces an excellent wine of good colour, body, 

 and keeping qualities, specially adapted for the natural conditions 

 met with in Australia, and should constitute the foundation of red 

 Australian wine, both for the local and the export market. Vine : 

 somewhat spreading, vigorous and fruitful. Wood : long-jointed, 

 strong, of a brown-grey colour in winter. Leaves : large, of a 

 light-green, somewhat undulating, glabrous on the upper surface 

 and with flaky down on the under surface, especially on veins, five- 

 lobed but not very deeply indented, teeth large and blunt. Fruit : 

 bunch elongated, cylindrical, sometimes rather loose, but in well- 

 selected vines closer in the bunch, winged, with a long slender yellow 

 stalk; berries medium sized, oval, black covered with bloom, thin 

 but tough skins, juicy. 



Cultural Notes. In good deep soil, and on slopes, the Shiraz 

 bears heavily and regularly. In light and shallow soil, subject to 

 drought, its fruitfulness decreases greatly, and must be kept up by 

 means of manures. Not very subject to fungoid and insect pests, 

 although it must be kept well sulphured. Yields better crop under 

 rod pruning and on account of its spreading habit of growth, and 

 in order to keep the grapes up the stem should not be too short. 



VERDOT. One of the "claret" grapes. Season, mid-season 

 (3rd period). Merit, first class, although not so much perfumed as 



