389 



by steam, if required. The cost is |18 at the factory. To this 

 must be added cost of packing, railway and shipping- freight to 

 Fremantle, and duty, which would amount to another 12 or so. 



Several devices are used for conveying the grapes from the 

 dray to the crusher, which it is often found convenient to have at 



such a height above the ground that 

 the crushed grapes will run by gravi- 

 tation along a chute into the ferment- 

 ing vats. The simplest, but most 

 costly in the first instance, is an 

 elevated roadway, which will take 

 the cart up to the level of the grape 

 mill. A less expensive way is to have 

 a grape elevator, which consists of a 

 piece of belting about 10 inches wide, 

 with tin buckets or scoops fastened 

 at intervals of a foot or so, and 

 running inside a wooden box at an 

 angle of 45 C to 60 to the height of the 

 grape mill-hopper, where each bucket 

 empties its contents. With such an 

 arrangement, a small portable steam 

 engine, which works both elevator 

 and crusher as well, is very con- 

 venient. Such a steam engine is 

 also very useful for steaming casks 

 and pumping wine. 



Another mechanical method for 

 lifting the grape pulp and convey- 



Grape Must Pump. m g ft j uto the fermenting vats is 



a specially constructed must pump 



constructed by Victor Coq, of Aix, near Marseilles. This pump 

 is unchokable, and pumps over 2,000 gallons of must and skin 

 per hour. It is easilly cleaned, and takes but little space. 



WINE PRESSES. 



Conjointly with the grape crusher, one or two wine presses are 

 required for wine-making. A great variety of designs are found 

 to effect the mechanical separation of the juicy from the solid 

 parts of the grapes. The simplest, probably, is the long beam or 

 lever press which presses continuously. 



It can be made cheaply out of materials about the place by 

 any handy man who understands how to handle tools. Its chief 

 drawbacks are that it is somewhat slow, and it is certainly cumber- 

 some. 



I have seen at work for several years the press here illustrated , 

 and am able to testify as to the good work it performs. The com- 



