400 



I shall rapidly explain the three scales most in use for the 

 determination of saccharine liquids. 



1st. The Specific Gravity Scale. The best known is Gray 

 Lussac's centesimal densimeter, on which 1,000 represent the depth to 

 which the instrument would sink in pure water at the temperature 

 of 15 degrees C. (59 degrees F.). According to the law formulated 

 above, the divisions above 1,000 indicate densities lower than that 

 of water, as, for instance, oil, spirits, etc.; while the divisions lower 

 than the 1,000 of the scale represent the specific gravity of liquids 

 heavier than water, and also the weight in grammes of one litre of 

 the liquid tested : thus 1,080 means that the liquid is to pure water 

 as 1,080 is to 1,000, or, in other words, that one litre of the liquid 

 weighs 1,080 grammes, as compared with the same capacity of pure 

 water, which weighs one kilogramme in other words, 1,000 

 grammes. 



In most saccharometers the 1,000 is placed at the top of the 

 scale ; as the liquids weighed get heavier than water, more of the 

 spindle appears above the surface of the liquid. 



If great accuracy is required, it is necessary to make a slight 

 correction when the specific gravity is taken at temperatures below 

 15 degrees C., or above that degree of temperature, thus : 



If the temperature is 



2nd. The Baume Scale, which is determined by marking as 

 - degree the point on the spindle of the hydrometer to which it sinks 

 when floating in pure water, and as 15 degrees the point to which it 



