445 



perforated false bottom (Fig. 2, X Y) resting on two battens about 

 two inches high. Each barrel is bored with three 1| to l^in. holes, 

 viz. (Figs. 1, 2, and 3), A at the bottom, B and C at the same level 

 at the top. These holes are so bored that when the barrels are 

 connected for use they stand as shown on Fig. 3 by the letters 

 A, B, and C in each of the four numbered barrels. 



The connection is so arranged that the top end, B, of one 

 barrel leads to the lower end, A, of the next barrel, right round the 

 battery. The tubes, of course, must be fitted into their respective 

 holes in such a manner that the liquid will not run out. Each 

 vessel is supplied with an outlet tube, C. A few tapering corks to 

 block any one or other tube B or C, and thus direct the flow of the 

 liquid, and small movable sieve caps which are placed over the 

 openings B and C, when running to guard against pips and skins 

 entering the tubes and blocking them, together with a small tin 

 funnel. which can fit any of the tubes at D when water runs into 

 them, complete the fittings of the apparatus. The operation of 

 washing the skins is conducted as follows : 



Fig. 3. Horizontal Section of the Four Barrels. 



The tubes having been set, each barrel is filled with a portion 

 of the compressed cake from the press up to the level of the outlets 

 B and C. Whilst filling, the lumps are well broken between the 

 fingers, and the stuff is packed evenly and solidly into the vessels. 

 This done, the overflow C from casks Nos. I., II., and III. are 

 corked, as well also as tube B of No. IV. Water is then slowly run 

 into the funnel down the tube A at D between IV. and I. The 

 water gradually rises from the bottom of No. I., permeating the 

 skins whilst so doing. When it reaches the level of B, water is cut 

 off and is allowed to stand for a quarter of an hour or so. More 

 water is then run down the tube A, already mentioned. This fresh 

 supply lifts up, as it were, the water already in vat No. I., and 



