506 



in the flue and in the door are opened, and the draught produced 

 causes the gas to escape. After 10 to 15 minutes the door may be 

 opened, but no one should be allowed into the chamber for another 

 space of 10 minutes. 



With ordinary care, no accident need be apprehended. 



FUMIGATING GRANARIES. 



The same method of ridding granaries, flour mills, and barns 

 of weevils, moths, and other troublesome insect pests, without re- 

 moving the grain stored in the buildings, can be carried out 

 wherever the building can be made gas-tight. If the fumigation is 

 done under the conditions already detailed, the seeds will retain 

 their vitality almost unimpaired, if dry when subjected to the 

 fumes. 



FUNGUS DISEASES. 

 APPLES, PEAES, AND QUINCES. 



BITTER PIT. Apples apparently sound soon develop, on keep- 

 ing, unsightly spots, which make them unmarketable. This is, next 

 to black spot or apple scab, the worst 

 fungus disease of the apple. 



The disease shows sunken brown 

 spots, as if the fruit had been trodden 011 

 with nailed boots. When the apple is 

 cut there are, below the spots, pieces of 

 brown spongy tissue, bitterish to the 

 taste, sometimes extending to the core. 

 Dr. Cobb, D. Me Alpine, Masset, the 

 mycologist at the Royal Gardens, Kew, 

 and other vegetable pathologists, have 

 seen no evidence that would prove the Bitter Pit. 



disease to be caused by a fungus. Some 



authorities say it is probably caused by a niicrococcus, but the 

 disease is not contagious. There is no effective remedy, except to 

 avoid soils liable to this disease in localities where it is trouble- 

 some. Nurserymen should be very careful against using scions 

 from diseased trees. Cleopatra, Rymer, Esopus, Spitzenberg, and 

 Scarlet Nonpareil, amongst the better sorts, are most liable to this 

 disease. Me Alpine expresses the opinion that it is caused* by 

 defective nutrition, and that nitrogenous manures aggravate it, and 

 suggests correcting this tendency by a more liberal use of potash 

 and of lime, especially gypsum. In Western Australia as well as 

 other countries where bitter pit is troublesome, trees badly affected 

 in damp localities on the plains hardly ever show the disease on 



