511 



fungus of the canker without damaging the tree. Handle the acid 

 carefully, as, if splashed on the clothes, it will burn holes in 

 them. 



MOULDY CORE. A diseased condition brought about by the 

 presence of common mould in the core of certain varieties of apples, 

 generally by the fungus of brown rot, the infection starting from 

 the centre instead of from the circumference. Outwardly such 

 apples appear quite sound, but on cutting them in halves the core 

 is found to be in a mouldy or half rotten state. Sooner or later the 

 whole apple becomes rotten, the rot working from the centre out- 

 ward. The mould gains entrance to the core of the apple through 

 the eye; those varieties with an open blossom end being more 

 subject to the disease. Those varieties of apples with large open 

 pip-holes (concludes Dr. Cobb) are not likely to prove good 

 keepers. 



CRINKLE, OR PIG FACE. An obscure disease of the apple. 

 Mr. Me Alpine says of this disease : " Besides the recognised Bitter 

 Pit, which causes small brown depressions on the surface, another 

 appearance was noticed, particularly in Rome Beauty and Five 

 Crown Pippin. The skin is apparently quite sound, but a little 

 darker towards the eye end, and, if cut across, brown, dead tissue is 

 found immediately beneath the skin, or between the skin and the core. 

 There may be actual cavities in the decaying flesh ; and the diseased 

 patches do not taste bitter. Although many varieties not subject to 

 Bitter Pit exhibit the Crinkle disease, it is probably likewise due to 

 disordered nutrition. The upper end of the apple ripens first, and if, 

 from any cause, a proper supply of nourishment fails to reach it, 

 there would be decay and ultimate death of the cells. I have given 

 the common name of ' Crinkle ' to this disorder, because the upper 

 surface of the fruit is thrown into rough folds, giving it, usually, an 

 uneven and crinkled appearance." 



POWDERY MILDEW OF THE APPLE, PEAR, AND QUINCE (Podo- 

 sphcura Kunzei, Lev.), sometimes called " fire blight." Very destruc- 

 tive to nursery stock. Attacks the apple, peach, quince, cherry, 

 and other plants belonging to the Rosaceas. It attacks mostly 

 the young leaves, spreading over both surfaces, and showing like 

 white felt. Spray with Bordeaux mixture or with liver of sul- 

 phur (potassium sulphide) solution. In summer time, sulphur 

 the trees. Cleopatra and Stone Pippin appear to be especially 

 liable. 



TWIG BLIGHT. Small, stunted rosettes of leaves grow in 

 the spring on the previous year's wood, and fail to grow into 

 healthy shoots. Later, in the early summer, strong shoots spring 

 up from the base of the limbs instead of from the extremity. No 

 pustules are noticeable on the leaves, which have an unhealthy 

 appearance. This serious trouble, which is still under observa- 

 tion, has been found associated with two causes, either independ- 

 ently or concurrently. 



