551 



6. In badly infested districts in Tasmania, which, by the by,, 

 has grappled with the codlin moth question with more thoroughness 

 than have yet the other Australian States, "it has been found 

 necessary to so prune the trees as to allow the pickers to see into 

 any part of them ; also, to keep the trees low, as it is, of course, 

 much more difficult to go over high than low trees." 



7. All windfalls in infested localities should be gathered as fast 

 as they come down, as unless this is done the wormy apples will, 

 after the concussion they have received, be soon deserted by the 

 grub. This should be more particularly attended to in January, 

 February, and March. 



8. Night light traps, with a lantern hung over a tin tray con- 

 taining some sticky substance have been recommended, but the 

 great majority of observers now admit that the codlin moth is not 

 attracted by light, and that when a few odd ones are thus caught 

 the event is more of the nature of an accident. 



9. Traps with fresh apple juice sweetened with sugar or honey 

 have been tried in South Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania 

 with more or less success. Lea used such traps in February and 

 March, and, " so far as the codlin moth was concerned, they were 

 total failures." Possibly, says he, if used in December and January 

 they would have been more successful. 



10. Arsenical sprayings is, of all the weapons used against 

 this pest, one of the most deadly. It aims at depositing on the 

 surface of the young apple, pear, or quince and in such a position 

 where it is likely to be picked up by the young grub soon after it 

 hatches a bait which will prove fatal. A better understanding of 

 the habit of the codlin larvae enables us to better encompass its 

 destruction. 



Observation has taught that the mother moth lays one egg on 

 each apple. Should the egg be a fertile one, and should it escape 

 detection by natural enemies, it soon hatches ; the young grub then 

 instinctively crawls towards the calyx or eye of the fruit, and there 

 has its first feed or two. It also nibbles here and there at the outer 

 surface of the fruit, and after having had a few feeds proceeds to 

 bore into it. It is whilst thus feeding that it picks up the poison. 

 That poison, it is seen, must therefore lie where it is most accessible, 

 and this is done in this way : After the petals drop, and as the 

 fruit develops, the sepals which are disposed around the eye, and 

 which, when accompanied by the corolla, are uniformly expanded 

 and spreading, soon assume various shapes, covering more or less 

 the tube which constitutes the calyx cavity. It is before these 

 sepals close that cavity that the spraying should be done, and the 

 most propitious time for this operation is about a week after the 

 setting of the fruit. When this is done a certain amount of the 

 poison is imprisoned within the calyx, where we know that most 

 codlin grubs generally have their first meal. Should, however, the 



