555 



Campoplex memorum, Pachymerus vulnerator, and Phygadenon brevis, 

 Hair worms (Gordius} have been seen in grubs in the United 

 States of America and Europe. From the United States a small 

 wasp (Trichogramma pretiosa) is parasitic on the eggs. An 

 Ichneumon (Macrocentrus delicatus), and any (Hypostenavariabilis), 

 are parasitic on the grubs when in the fruit ; another Hymenop- 

 terous insect (Goniozus) is an external parasite, an Ichneumon 

 (Pimpla annulipes) destroys the pupae. In California, a wasp 

 (Sphecius Nevadensis) " frequents pear trees, and is described as 

 pulling the grubs out of the fruit with its fore foot," says 

 SlingerJand. After the grubs have left the fruit more enemies beset 

 them. In America three soldier beetles (Chauliognatus Pennsyl- 

 vanicus, C. marginata, and Telepfiorus bilineatus} feed on grubs and 

 pupae as well also on a Neuropterous insect (JRhapidia), and other 

 beetles destroy pupae, viz., Trogosita laticollis and T: corticalis. 

 In Tasmania and Australia two common soldier beetles (Telephorus 

 pulcliellus and T. ruficollis) eat grubs ; the spotted ladybird 

 (Leis conformis) devours young grubs and even pull these from 

 the fruit when it is just starting boring; ground beetles, and 

 among them (Gnathaphanus pulcher), one which occurs on 

 the mainland ; bugs of the genera Reduvius and Pentatoma 

 destroy grubs sometimes even before these have left the fruit ; 

 even the much despised earwigs eat numbers of the grubs, 

 and then afterwards will turn their attention to their excrements, 

 and to the apple itself ; spiders and centipedes eat the grubs, and 

 the former the moths as well. Although a long list is here given 

 of natural enemies of the codlin moth, nevertheless the fact remains 

 that many more must exist, and also that they have proved them- 

 selves to be inadequate in their isolated efforts in appreciably 

 keeping down the codlin moth. How far their introduction from 

 distant parts and their concentration in codlin moth-infested 

 localities will prove effectual in combating that dreaded pest 

 is a problem which awaits solution at the hands of economic 

 entomologists." 



Since the above account of the codlin moth was written by Mr. 

 Despeissis, it is with regret that we have to record the fact that this 

 pest has made its appearance in this State. However, we can also 

 record the fact that we have discovered the home of its true parasite, 

 which will be introduced at an early date. 



CUT WORMS 



These are the larvae or grubs of moths (says Mr. Lea) belonging 

 to the family Noctuidce, and they are especially destructive during 

 the night, in the day remaining concealed just under the surface of 

 the ground, or under logs, rubbish, etc. There are numerous kinds 

 in this State, some of which are peculiar to it, and others are almost 

 world-wide in their distribution. The accompanying illustration 

 (by Mr. Claude Fuller) shows one of the most common and 

 destructive species, in its various stages. The larvae, as evening 



