568 



slo\\ until they take up their position upon the young cane or stem 

 of the plant, where they remain throughout the winter, and in fact 

 the balance of their lives ; upon the ascent of the sap, in the spring, 

 they grow rapidly. They appear to prefer the young canes, and are 

 often to be noticed clustering and encircling a cane for several feet. 

 This scale has also been known to attack pear, peach, plum, and 

 mulberry trees, but this only on trees that stood in close proximity 

 to infested grape vines. 



This scale, while new to this country, has been known to occur 

 in Europe for inore than a century, and was described by Signoret 

 as occurring on grape vines in France. 



Remedies. In winter, use No. 10, 14, or 19 (see pp. 490-492). 



Natural Enemies. During the past few months, two parasites 

 which keep this scale in complete subjection in Europe, have been 

 introduced into this State. These, it is hoped, will in future keep 

 this pest in check here as they do in France. These parasites have, 

 as vet, not been described or named. 



BLACK SCALE (Lecaninm olese, Bernard). 



A dark brown or blackish scale, which infests all varieties of 

 citrus trees, and nearly all deciduous varieties, and many plants, 



shrubs, vines, etc., and is more 

 generally found in the orchards and 

 gardens of this State than any 

 other species of Cocciase. The 

 presence of this species can be 

 readily detected by the appearance 

 on the branches, foliage, and fruit 

 of a black smut, known as Fumago 

 salicina. This smut or fungus is- 

 caused by the honeydew exuded 

 by the female scale. 



The best treatment for this scale 

 is fumigation with No. 18. Spray- 

 ing with No. 10, 14, or 19 is 

 excellent to check their spread, and 

 keeping the plants in a clean y 

 healthy condition. The application 

 of these remedies should not be 

 made, however, while the scale are 

 in the adult stage, as it will have 

 little or no effect upon them, but 

 should be done while they are yet 

 in their larval stage. 



Natural Enemies. During the 

 past year three species of parasite& 



Black Scale (Lecanium 

 oleoe). 



