572 



leaves, branches, and fruit; but only in severe cases is it to be* 

 noticed upon the leaves. A peculiar feature of this scale is the 

 reddish discolouration around the margin of each female. This 

 encircling ring of reddish discolouration is very noticeable on fruits, 

 especially pears. Fruits severely attacked become distorted, rough, 

 and pitted, sometimes cracking, and becoming unmarketable. The 

 cambium layer of young twigs, where the scales are located, is. 

 usually stained deep red or purplish, and when the scale is only 

 scatteringly present the distinctive purplish ring surrounding each 

 scale is almost as noticeable on young twigs as on the fruit, and is 

 of the greatest service in facilitating the inspection of trees which 

 have been exposed to contagion. The young scale might easily 

 elude the most careful inspection, but the striking reddish 

 discolouration makes them comparatively conspicuous objects. 



This, like all the armoured Coccidse, pass their life under the 

 protection of the waxy scale, except during a few hours while active 

 in the larval stage, and an equally brief existence of the males in 

 their winged stage. 



The long period during which the females are continually 

 producing young, during the summer months, has an important 

 bearing on the question of remedies employed in its destruction. 



Description. The scale of the female is circular, and in colour, 

 blackish gray, excepting the exuviae in the centre, which is of a 

 deep straw colour; sometimes it has a reddish hue; it measures 

 from one to one and a-quarter lines in diameter. The scale of the 

 males is oval in outline, and nearly black with the exuviae between 

 the centre and anterior margin of the scale, but is much darker in 

 colour, and more obscure, than that of the females. 



Aplielinus fucipennisTlne Parasite which holds the San Jose Scale in check in California 



Remedies. In winter, three applications at frequent intervals* 

 if necessary, using Nos. 6, 10, 14, or 20 (see pp. 490-492) ; or the 

 hydrocyanic gas treatment, No. 18. 



