240 VEGETABLES OR FOOD CROPS 



requirements are similar to those of the Cabbage. The principal 

 varieties are ''Red Drumhead," "Red Dutch," and "Dwarf Red." 



Cabbage, Savoy. A dwarf variety of Cabbage with crimpled 

 leaves. Thrives well at high elevations, but is not much grown in 

 Ceylon nor apparently in India. 



Cabbage, Shantung. (Brassica chinensis. N. O. Cruciferae ), 

 also known as " Choucle Chine " and " Pe-tsai." A species of 

 Cabbage, shaped like a Cos-lettuce, and weighing, it is said, when 

 well-grown 5 to 6 Ib. This has long been in high repute in China 

 as a vegetable. MR. HUGHES, late Commissioner of Customs at 

 Chefoo, stated : "When boiled it is nearly as good as Sea-kale ; 

 eaten raw, in a salad, it is of so delicate a flavour that I know of no 

 vegetable in England to approach it." A sample of this Cabbage 

 grown at Kew Gardens was pronounced to be excellent. MR. W. 

 NOCK reported the plant to grow remarkably well at Hakgala 

 Gardens, stating : "In appearance and habit of growth it resem- 

 bles a gigantic Cos-lettuce ; it is bright pea-green in colour, and 

 when cooked possesses a very agreeable and delicate flavour. It 

 has also the advantages of standing the rains well, and growing 

 quickly to a size ready for use. The succulent stalks of the leaves 

 can be eaten like Sea-kale. Taken altogether, it may be considered 

 a valuable addition to the list of vegetables suited for up-country." 

 The Shantung Cabbage thrives best in moist rich soil. It is grown 

 from seed, and the seedlings are planted in rows about 18 in. apart, 

 with the same distance between the plants in the rows. When 

 nearly full grown, the heads should be tied round so as to give 

 them a good white heart. 



Capsicum. See Tropical Vegetables. 



Cardoon. (Cynara Cardunculus. N. O. Composite. ). A 

 perennial plant, much relished on the continent of Europe for the 

 sake of the fleshy mid-ribs, but not much appreciated in England. 

 I have nowhere seen this grown in Ceylon, and its cultivation in 

 India also seems to be uncommon. Seedlings may be raised 

 under cover, and planted out in trenches about 3 to 4 ft. apart, 

 with a distance of 18 in. between the plants in the rows. Later 

 on, the earth is drawn up to the plants, as in Celery cultivation, 

 for the purpose of blanching the leaves. 



Carrots. (Daucus carota. N. O. Umbelliferae). This popu- 

 lar vegetable can be grown very successfully at elevations of 4,000 

 to 6,000 ft. or higher in Ceylon, and also with some success at 

 lower elevations. In up-country market gardens, which supply 



