off in a single cap as they ought to do (Fig. 4). Some again may 

 have the stamens and pistils turned into leaves, either partially 

 (Fig. 5) or totally, as in the^flower of a double geranium. The first 



FIG. 5. 



are capable of being fecundated by pollen from another flower and 

 giving fruit; they are unable to give rise to fruit otherwise, as the 

 stamens are short and weak, and the pollen often sterile. The 

 second are and must always be sterile. 



Tendrils may be looked upon as bunches which have aborted or 

 which bear no fruit. They occur in the same position as the bunches, 

 i.e., opposite to the leaves, the complete bunches being opposed to lower 

 leaves, whilst the tendrils are situated more towards the extremities 

 of the shoots they serve to attach the vine to the different objects 

 upon which it climbs. The fruit resulting from the fecundation of 

 the above-described flower is a round or slightly oblong succulent 

 berry, which, when ripe, consists of a rather thin skin enclosing a 

 very fluid pulp containing various substances, the most important 

 being glucose or grape sugar and some vegetable acids. In the centre 

 are situated the seeds, varying in number from one to four ; in some 

 varieties they are totally absent. The tannin and colouring matter 

 are contained in the skin. The percentage of glucose in the juice, 

 and consequently the strength of the wine, depends upon the amount 

 of fruit on the vine. Vines bearing a light crop will give a stronger 

 wine than those heavily laden with fruit ; by regulating the number 

 of bunches on the vines, it is possible to increase or diminish the 

 strength of the wine. 



