85 



If the vines are to be trellised the wires should run in the direction 

 in which the vines are closest. This will leave more room for 

 cultivating, and entail less manual labour per acre than would be 

 the case if the rows were placed close together. 



There are several ways of marking out a vineyard before 

 planting. If it be intended to plant in squares or rectangular rows 

 this is a very simple matter. The sides of the blocks should be 

 marked off at the required intervals with pegs or vine-stakes, and 

 lines drawn across the block joining these marks. A chain, 

 specially made for the purpose, with links of specified length, will 

 be found very convenient. The chain being stretched across the 

 block where a row is to be situated, the junction of each link 

 indicates the position for a vine. If such a chain cannot be 

 obtained, an ordinary piece of fencing-wire, or a gardener's line, 

 may be substituted for it. This should be tightly stretched along 

 the row. With a piece of wood of the required length for 

 measure, the position of each vine will be easily ascertained. 



Persons having a really first-class ploughman in their employ will 

 find it more economical to run furrows across the field at the required 

 distance apart, two vine-stakes, or other easily-distinguished marks, 

 one considerably behind and in a line with the other, being placed at 

 the opposite side of the field to the one the plough is started from, 

 to enable the implement to be guided with precision. The plough- 

 man must be careful to always keep these in a line. If the ground 

 be in very good condition the plough may be replaced by a wheel- 

 barrow, the same precautions being taken in order to obtain straight 

 lines. 



Marking-out land for plantation according to the quincunx system 

 is slightly more complicated, as the lines cut each other at an angle of 

 60 degrees. If a theodolite or suitable instrument cannot be ob- 

 tained, a convenient method is to only mark out every second line. 

 Referring to Fig. 10, for example, rows 1, 3, and 5 would be marked 

 out and rows 2, 4, and 6 inserted afterwards, each vine being inserted 

 in the rectangle formed by four vines first marked. For example, if 

 the vines are to be planted 6 feet apart, mark out the block as if for 

 the rectangular system, the rows being 10ft. 4in. apart and the vines 

 in these rows 6 feet from each other. By joining them diagonally the 

 position of each vine in the intermediate rows will easily be obtained. 



