300 



cutting placed perpendicularly will reach deeper than one planted 

 slanting. 



For this reason perpendicular planting is to be recommended in 

 Victoria at least in all the districts where the vine is cultivated as 

 yet. 



Method of planting. Cuttings may be planted in several ways, but 

 the principal ones are with the spade and with the bar. 



In loose, friable soils, which are not liable to cake, the bar or dibble 

 will give very good results. 



FIG. 21. 



Such a one as represented in Fig. 21 is to be preferred, as the pro- 

 jecting piece of iron () insures all the holes made being of a uniform 

 depth, and at the same time greatly facilitates the work, the vigneron 

 being able to use his foot as well as his hands to force it into the soil. 

 The bar, after being inserted into the ground to the required depth, is 

 moved to and fro to enlarge the hole. The cutting, which will benefit 

 by being dipped in a mixture of cowdung, clay, and water, is placed in 

 the hole into which some soil (mixed with a little manure if it be very 

 poor) is tightly rammed, the hole should be gradually filled, only small 

 quantities of soil being introduced at a time, the soil near the surface 

 should be left in a loose state to a depth of a couple of inches. It is 

 essential that the contact between the cutting and the soil be as inti- 

 mate as possible, especially at the base, care should therefore be taken 

 not to put too much soil into the hole before ramming, but to fill 

 gradually. A very good method to insure a perfect contact with the 



