104 



form a sort of cone, the summit of which is almost level with the 

 surface of the surrounding soil. On this cone the young plant is 

 placed, the roots being carefully spread around. The soil, after being 

 beaten with the spade, is then put back, and heaped up around the 

 stem of the young plant in such a way as to afford it as much 

 protection as possible. 



Young vines should be staked, whether they be planted as cuttings 

 or otherwise. This is a great advantage, as it enables them to be tied 

 up, and thus escape the action of high winds and other causes of 

 destruction, and insures the stem of the resulting vine being straighter 

 than would otherwise be the case. The stakes used for this purpose 

 may be small temporary ones, but it is far better to at once establish 

 the permanent ones, which^must be employed sooner or later. 



