only a trifle greater. But the most striking feature in the cut is the 

 frog, and, doubtless, those who have obtained their knowledge of 

 this important part of the foot of the holjge from seeing those of 

 horses which have worn shoes, or from illustrations in the books, will 

 be surprised, and think that thei-e is something wrong in the delinea- 

 tion. It is not only wide at the posterior portion, as it reaches far 

 nearer the toe, and in place of the crevice in the center there is only 

 a slight depression. 



In a previous illustration, given on page 8, chapter 1, the only cut 

 obtainable at the time, the representation is very faulty. In fact, 

 this is the first instance of correct drawing of a frog that may be 

 termed perfect, all others which I have seen being studies from feet 

 which have become malformed. 



Although the frog changes in appearance, and there is quite a dif- 

 fei'ence between the old, ragged surface and the new which is ready 

 to take its place, still the similarity of broad surfaces and elasticity 

 is apparent. The old has served the intended piai-pose, doing its 

 work until the other is ready. 



When mutilated with the knife, and that mutilation accompanied 

 by non-use, in place of this healthy growth it shrivels and becomes 

 nearly as hard as the horn ; there is a deep fissure in place of the 

 ^sligllt depression in the middle, the longitudinal axis is shortened, 

 and the whole is as different from the engraving as can be well 

 imagined. 



The illustrations leave little to add regarding the manner of setting 

 the tip or applying the toe-weight which I am partial to, but inas- 

 much as the questions asked indicate that the proper method is not 

 fully understood, it may be as well to be more minute in the instruc- 

 .tions. 



As has been stated, the tip is only a trifle thicker at the toe than 

 the posterior portion, the object being to give as nearly a level bear- 

 ing as possible. If there was much taper, the slope from the toe 

 would bring a greater strain on the nails, and, consequently, a greater 

 .danger of displacement. It is also evident that the square shoulder 

 is of material assistance in keeping the tip in place while the nails 

 iare driven, and does away with any necessity for a clip at the toe. 



