80 TIPS AND TOE-WEIGHTS. 



against tlie jar which follows the striking the earth after the bound. 

 I do not intend to go into an analysis of the stride and action of the 

 greyhound until I have studied the last series of photographs taken 

 at Palo Alto. That it will vary from that of the hoi'se, I feel confi- 

 dent from the configuration being so difl'ereut ; but without that 

 light there would be just as much liability to error as thei^e has been 

 in regard to the action of the horse in a fast gallop. More so, as 

 there is fully as much speed, with quicker movements, so that the 

 brain is still more troubled to retain the picture which is yet niore 

 transitory. For the following account of the elephant we are in- 

 debted to the Asian, a newspaper published in Calcutta, India, and 

 as a chronicle of " sport, shikar, the turf, garden, tea, indigo, whist, 

 chess, etc.," full of interesting matter. Published in a country where 

 the elephant is utilized, dependence can be placed on its accuracy, 

 particularly as the author, R. A. Sterndale, F. R. G. S., has been a 

 resident of India long enough to give him an intimate knowledge of 

 the subject. As it is only a small portion of the essay which we 

 have pirated, and bearing as it does so intimately on the topic under 

 consideration; and then, again, being so for away, the acknowledged 

 capture may be pardoned : 



The elephant has seven cerAncal vertebrae, the atlas much resembling the 

 human form ; of the thoracic and lumbar vertebroe the number is twenty- 

 three, of which nineteen or twenty bear ribs ; the caudal vertebrae are thirty 

 one, of a simple character, without chevron bones. 



The pelvis is peculiar in some points, such as the form of the ileum, and 

 the arrangement of its surfaces resembling the human pelvis. 



The limbs in the skeleton of the elephant are disposed in a manner differ- 

 ing from most other mammalia. The humerus is remarkable for the greal; 

 development of the supinator ridge. ' ' The ulna and radius are quite distinct 

 and permanently crossed ; the upper end of the latter is small, while the ulna 

 not only contributes the principal part of the articular surface for the humerus, 

 but has its lower end actually larger than that of the radius — a condition al- 

 most unique among mammals." — (Prof. Floiver.) 



On looking at the skeleton of the elephant, one of the first things that 

 strike the student of comparative anatomy is the perpendicular column of the 

 limbs ; in all other animals the bones composing these supports are set at cer- 

 tain angles, by which a direct shock, in the action of galloping and leaping, is 

 avoided. Take the skeleton of a horse, and you will observe that the scapula 

 and humerus are set almost at right-angles with each other. It is so in most 



