IXTRODUCTION. 39 



and thus the liver, kidneys, diaphragm, and genito-urinary 

 organs are more or less exposed. The situation of each 

 of these should be examined before removal, any abnormal 

 relations and adhesions being carefully noted. To 

 thoroughly examine the genito-urinary apparatus one of 

 the hind limbs should be removed from the hip, and the 

 symphysis of the os innominatum and the neck of one 

 ilium cut through with the saw, and the portion of bone 

 thus loosened removed. Next, the thoracic viscera should 

 be subjected to scrutiny, the articulations between the 

 sterno- costal cartilages and the true ribs having been 

 divided, some of the anterior sterno-costal cartilages 

 of false ribs may be cut through, and thus the sternum 

 drawn away from its position and forwards. To do this 

 the connections of the fore extremities with the trunk 

 must be divided, and the skin reflected from the median 

 inferior longitudinal line of the body. During this 

 process dropsical collections or diseased conditions of the 

 axillary lymphatic glands may be found. The pericardial 

 and pleural sacs must then be examined for they are 

 exposed, and their contents must be observed. The 

 heart and lungs may be then removed en masse. Next, 

 the diaphragm and liver may be separated together from 

 the surrounding parts. After this the structures in the 

 lower part of the neck must be separated from their 

 surroundings and examined, but left in position until we 

 have the structures of the fauces ready for removal with 

 them. This is accomplished either by dissection of the 

 skin from the central line of the sub-maxillary space, and 

 a deep incision on either side against the inner surface of 

 the lower jaw, whereby the tongue is freed from its 

 attachments, anteriorly and laterally, and can be drawn 

 between the branches of the lower jaw, or by removal of 

 the skin farther up the side of the face, and amputation 

 of half of the inferior maxilla at the symphysis, and just 

 below the condyle. The mouth, pharynx, posterior nares, 

 and isthmus faucium may thus be examined, and the 

 temporo-hyoid articulations being divided, the tongue, 

 larynx, and pharynx removed with the trachea, oesophagus. 



