70 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



and are correspondingly seldom the subjects of collapse. 

 Thus artificial respiration is not very frequently required, 

 fortunately so, for when brought about by pressure rhyth- 

 mically applied to the thoracic walls it is imperfect, and 

 seldom effectual in our larger patients. The ox is usually 

 held by one horn, the thumb and forefinger of the dis- 

 engaged hand being introduced into the nostrils and 

 pressed together against the septum narium, or the familiar 

 '^ bull-dog " is fixed to the nostrils in a somewhat similar 

 manner and held in the hand. (See Fig. 6.) 



-^x-^ 



Fig. 6. — The " Bulldogs " applied. (Armatage.) 



The Sideline is sometimes fixed on the ox as on the 

 horse. 



In minor operations on the posterior parts of the body, 

 the hind legs are fixed together by means of a double 

 hobble or tied by a rope, which commences at the right 

 hind limb, involves the left in a loop, and is tied in front 

 to the right fore limb above the fetlock. This is termed 

 " shackling.^^ 



Hobbles are also used for throwing the ox. It is ad- 

 visable to fix them above the fetlocks. Calves may be 

 thrown by drawing one hind leg forwards with the side- 

 line and pushing at the opposite quarter. 



Ropes. The ox is very frequently thrown just as is the 



