74 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



ministering the dose. Generally the head of the patient 

 is straightened on the neck by drawing the muzzle 

 forwards and upwards_, the nostrils being grasped so as 

 not materially to interfere with respiration. Preferably, 

 however, the head is flexed to the right, and the admin- 

 istrator stands with his back against the right shoulder, 

 keeps the left hand partially in the left side of the mouth, 

 and gives the draughJ: with the right. The opening 

 of the bottle is then inserted into the mouth, and the 

 contents gradually allowed to pass down towards the 

 pharynx j sometimes the drenching horn is used, but the 

 bottle is preferable as giving continuous, steady, and 

 ready flow. This operation is much easier than adminis- 

 tration of a draught to a horse, the ox receives his drench 

 more quickly, and loses hardly any. It is necessary to 

 cease the operation when an}^ sign of coughing appears. 

 An ordinary cattle drench measures from a pint and a half 

 to two pints. Cases of suffocation from passage of fluid 

 into the larynx and trachea occur sometimes, as we shall 

 detail hereafter. This is liable to take place in attacks 

 of parturient apoplexy, and must be avoided by giving 

 any medicines the animal requires by means of the 

 stomach pump. Some practitioners consider halls useful 



Fig. 8. — The Stomach-pump in use. (Armatage.) 



for the ox, others as strongly object to them. Aloes 

 may be conveniently and beneficially administered in this 



