76 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



softening any faecal accumulations^ and arousing peristalsis 

 in a simple but effectual manner. They should be admin- 

 istered in such quantity that they will be retained for 

 some time, and may be injected by means of the enema 

 syringe, Reid^s pump, or the gravitation funnel. 



Inhalations of chloroform, steam, chlorine, and carbolic 

 acid are used in cattle practice, the first has been noticed 

 as anaesthetic. Chlorine, under the form of Yapor Chlori, is 

 generated in a loose box or stable, into which are collected 

 calves suffering from bronchitis parasitica. It acts as a 



Fig. 10. — Method of covering the nostrils for steaming. (Armatage.) 



very powerful irritant, gives rise to distressing cough, 

 and expulsion of numbers of the strongyles which cause 

 the disorder. Yapor Acidi Carbolici is generated for 

 internal disinfection by pouring some of the Calvert^s 

 acid into a pan resting on a tripod, a box in the bottom 

 of the pan holding a red hot flat iron heater. The box 

 and the animals become thoroughly disinfected, but the 

 beneficial effects have not been proved as far as internal 

 disinfection is concerned. 



The thickness of the skin of the ox prevents frequent 

 taking up of medicinal matters into the system after in- 

 unction. Intra-venous injection is sometimes practised, as 

 also is the absorption of medicines from an abraded sur- 

 face, but administration of agents by the skin may best 



