86 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



for this purpose. Several special cataplasms are used : 

 Cat. Fermenti and Cat. Carbonis. The substance known as 

 spongio'piline retains moisture well, and has all the bene- 

 ficial influence of a poultice when properly applied. 



Disinfection after the outbreak of a contagious disorder 

 in a cowhouse should comprise removal of animals from 

 the house and their quarantine until after the termination 

 of the period of incubation of the disorder, strict super- 

 vision being resorted to, and sometimes internal disin- 

 fection. Special attendants should be told off to diseased 

 animals, and not be allowed to approach healthy ones 

 except after thorough disinfection ; destruction by burn- 

 ing of bedding and minor appliances such as are inex- 

 pensive and easily replaceable ; thorough scraping, scalding, 

 and disinfection of walls, partitions between stalls, and 

 major utensils. The drains should be sluiced out with 

 bucketfuls of water and carbolic acid (1 — 40). The walls 

 should be limewashed, each pail of the wash containing 

 half-a-pint of crude carbolic acid. If the flooring is of round 

 flints, these should be taken up, and the sub-soil removed. 

 This soil frequently harbours contagia. Then the doors 

 and windows should be thrown open, and the place 

 remain thus exposed for about a fortnight, and, if pos- 

 sible cattle not be readmitted under six weeks. When 

 animals must remain in the house, chlorinated lime may 

 be sprinkled about the floor after it has been thoroughly 

 cleansed, and also thrown down the drains, or cloths 

 dipped in solution of carbolic acid may be hung up in the 

 place, or the carbolic fumigation may be resorted to. 

 Thorough cleanliness and ventilation must also be secured. 



It remains for us to describe two surgical means of 

 treatment of great value in cattle practice : 



Bloodletting — venesection, or phlebotomy — is performed 

 at the superficial jugular. This vessel is very large, and 

 is compressed by means of a cord tied round the neck at 

 the posterior part. The knot must be of a special kind, 

 such as is shown in Fig. 12, that it maybe easily loosened 

 when it is considered advisable to check the flow of escaping 

 blood. The fleam, or lancet, must have a large blade, and be 



