140 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



effect. Inoculation for pleuro-pneumonia is at present 

 much advocated by professionals and non-professionals. 

 It is performed by taking the lungs of an animal which 

 has died in the early stage of the disorder, cutting up the 

 diseased yellowish portions of lung, and allowing a serous 

 fluid to escape and accumulate in a vessel. This is the 

 lymph. Some of it is injected subcutaneously with a 

 syringe, or shreds of cotton steeped in it are inserted 

 into the tail near its tip; the shreds are removed after 

 twenty-four hours. Subsequently, in favorable cases, a 

 considerable amount of swelling occurs here, and may 

 extend up the tail to the quarters of the patient, giving 

 rise to violent inflammation of the caudal appendage, 

 which often results in the end of the tail sloughing and 

 gangrene involving even the upper parts of the hind ex- 

 tremities. Cases of this kind are common in dairies 

 where the animals have been inoculated. It is necessary 

 to amputate the tail when gangrene sets in. Causse 

 describes pustules of the size of a franc-piece as resulting 

 from inoculation. Intravenous injection of virus has not 

 been found effectual. The irritative fever depending on 

 these processes is sometimes fatal. To understand 

 whether this means is prophylactic, we must put it to the 

 crucial test by exposing animals which have been inocu- 

 lated to contagion ; some of them succumb. These, the 

 advocates of inoculation urge, did not thoroughly take, or 

 had the seeds of the disease in them before they were 

 operated upon. They say that where the process is syste- 

 matically carried out pleuro-pneumonia has almost disap- 

 peared ; though their opponents will not admit this. That 

 inoculation does not produce pleuro-pneumonia they allow, 

 but believe that it expends itself in producing changes at 

 the seat of inoculation, while the system is imperceptibly 

 affected and immunity secured. On the other hand, it is 

 urged that inoculation does not cause any general dis- 

 order except sympathetic fever, and cannot, therefore, be 

 useful ; that it causes a certain loss by the ill effects 

 which result from it ; that the practice is based neither on 

 a sound theoretical nor practical views. The ill effects 



