154 BOVINE PATHOLOar. 



corlum the latter is covered by a lymphy deposit, which 

 hides the bright red colour of the erosions. Peyer's 

 patches are generally diminished in size, and are covered 

 with a layer of lymph. Sometimes, however, they are 

 enlarged (as also are the solitary glands), and are 

 covered with false membranes of variable colour. The 

 large intestines may be more or less diseased than 

 the small. The ileo-caecal valve is very frequently the 

 seat of change ; in other parts the bowel exhibits conges- 

 tions, extravasations, and false membranes, the latter 

 often being in process of removal by sloughing. The 

 rectum especially is intensely diseased. The lining mem- 

 brane of the gall-bladder is similarly altered to that of the 

 intestines, and the gall-ducts contain lymph. Wherever 

 these congestions occur the capillary vessels become very 

 much distended with micrococci (according to Klebs). 

 Also some of these invade the submucous-tissue, of which 

 they cause thickening, and others pass off in the discharges. 

 The respiratory mucous membrane in the trachea, bronchi, 

 and larynx is congested, and the latter exhibits ulceration 

 and oedema against the arytenoid cartilage. In very bad 

 cases along the whole length of the air-passages the mucous 

 membrane will often show ecchymoses and false mem- 

 branes. There is an emphysematous condition of the lungs. 

 The kidneys are enlarged, and their lining membrane, as 

 well as those of the uterus, urethra, and bladder, are 

 characteristically altered. The urine is scanty and bloody. 

 The conditions of the blood, skin, &c., have been already 

 noticed. No marked lesions of the nervous system are 

 present. The mammary gland is congested. The flesh 

 varies but little from the healthy in physical properties. 

 Sometimes it has a bluish colour or is of a darker 

 red than usual. The heart is soft, and there are 

 often extensive extravasations beneath its lining mem- 

 brane. Petechias and ecchymoses are observable on most 

 of the serous membranes. The little milk produced by 

 affected animals should be thrown away, but, according to 

 the best authorities, we have no evidence that the flesh of 

 animals in the early stage of the disease willprove prejudicial 



