158 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



away the virus; also the seat of inoculation may be 

 advantageously protected by adhesive plaster. Chauveau 

 has made some most interesting researches on vaccine. 

 It is said that the disease may be communicated through 

 the digestive organs, or by intravenous injection. 



Yariola ovina is not the same disease as variola vac- 

 cinia, Zundel relates how two beasts became affected 

 by living with sheep suffering from their pox. Professor 

 Simonds' conclusions with regard to vaccination for 

 sheep-pox are indefinite. He quotes Sacco : — " In the 

 event of an outbreak of sheep-pox, if we cannot procure 

 lymph to vaccinate the animals, we may ovinate the 

 human subject or the cow, and thus destroy the virulence of 

 the virus,^' and ^^ the vaccination of sheep gives immunity,'^ 

 also Mayer, whose researches {' Veterinarian,^ xx, p. 629) 

 showed him that the French experiments lead to the 

 conclusion that vaccination does not secure immunity from 

 sheep -pox. 



An attack of vaccinia secures immunity from the disease 

 in future. Outbreaks, which are apparently spontaneous, 

 occur among cows, especially when confined to close sheds, 

 and shortly after calving. The disease does not seem to 

 originate spontaneously in the bull, but it occurs as a result 

 of inoculation. We must look with suspicion on the asserted 

 spontaneity of this disease, remembering that horses, as 

 well as other cattle, may be the source of an outbreak, and 

 also some attacks in the cow are very slight, and there 

 are several conditions with which they may be confounded 

 if due care be not exercised. Thus, eczema epizootica 

 and cattle plague often present an eruption on the teats 

 and udder, and there are several forms of disease which 

 run through a herd, and are communicable to many, 

 being known under the common name Yaeicella, or 

 Vaccinoides, of which Fleming mentions three — the 

 acuminated, the papular or warty, and the emphyse- 

 matous forms. All these may be distinguished from 

 the eruption of the true vaccinia, which never assumes 

 either the acuminated or emphysematous character, and 

 only passes through a papular stage, which lasts about 



