DISEASES OP THE BLOOD. 175 



ducts and intimate structure of the mammary gland. It 

 produces changes similar to those which result from or- 

 dinary mammitis ; there is slight fever present. It affects 

 all female bovines, even before the functional activity of 

 the gland commences,, and persists until the next calving. 

 It often destroys one or more quarters of the gland. 

 Occasionally suppuration takes place, and sometimes the 

 gland loses secreting power by complete induration of its 

 lining membrane. It is attributed to local contagion, the 

 virus being either conveyed by the milker^s hand, or ob- 

 tained when the animal lies down where diseased milk has 

 been spilt. Franck (see Fleming's ' Veterinary Obstetrics/ 

 p. 695) injected pus from the udder of an affected animal 

 into that of a healthy cow, and thus communicated the 

 disorder. He considers most cases of mammitis septic, and 

 has found bacteria (micrococci) in the milk in this disease. 

 But we must remember that milk is one of the best culture 

 fluids for all forms of bacteria, and so the forms he ob- 

 served may have been harmless. The disease is attri- 

 buted to a septic ferment, causing decomposition, which 

 leads to inflammation -producing substances, when under- 

 going development in stagnant milk in the udder. 

 Milking every two hours and destruction or disinfection of 

 the milk are suggested as the best measures in these cases. 



Glanders and Farcy have been described as affecting 

 the ox. This results from mistaken diagnosis, malig- 

 nant catarrh and certain eruptive disorders having been, 

 thus confounded with the disorder, which is with difficulty, 

 if at all, communicable from the horse to ruminants. The 

 farcinous form of equinia may be confused with ordinary 

 inflammation of lymphatics such as results from a poisoned 

 wound of any kind, 



Strangles J too, has erroneously been stated to affect the 

 ox, scrofulous enlargement of the parotid and submaxillary 

 glands, as well as sporadic inflammation of the salivary 

 glands, having been recorded under this heading. We 

 are not aware whether any attempts have been made to 

 communicate this disease from the horse to the ox by 

 inoculation. 



