224 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



COW, and has been seen in the spermatic veins of the bull 

 constituting varicocele. It seldom is seen except in old 

 animals, and appears gradually. Sometimes the dilata- 

 tion is the seat of active inflammation ; then antiphlo- 

 gistic treatment is required. Less urgent cases are 

 preferably left alone, but a bandage or plaster may be 

 required to protect the enlarged vessel and to support its 

 walls by gentle pressure.^ 



Tumours of Veins. — Messrs. Hill and Duguid give a 

 case of tumour of the anterior vena cava, materially 

 reducing its calibre, due to circumscribed hypertrophy of 

 its muscular coat (^Yeterinary Journal,^ 1876, vol. ii, 

 p. 14). 



Addendum 1. — Diseases of the Lymphatic System. 



The lymphatic system of the ox is distributed much as 

 in the horse. The thoracic duct is remarkable for its 

 frequent variations (Colin). The mesenteric glands are 

 situated close against the small intestines, instead of at 

 the root of the mesentery, where they are in the horse. 

 Large glands occur in certain positions, notably the 

 posterior mediastinum and the space between the cranium 

 and the pharynx. These become inflamed when any 

 irritating absorbed material passes through them. Of 

 this nature are the so-called cases of strangles of the 

 ox as has been described, the intermaxillary or parotid 

 glands being the seat. These glands are also the seat of 

 scrofulous, cancerous, and other forms of deposit, while in 

 many blood diseases, especially anthracoid affections, they 

 are enlarged, reddened, and disintegrated. Cases of 

 " farcy " in the ox, which have been described by some 

 writers, were probably inflammation of the lymphatics, 

 resulting in the formation of series of abscesses along their 

 course, accompanied by infiltration of serum into the 



* Mr. J. H. Cox, of Ashbourne, gives a most interesting case of varicosity 

 of the posterior vena cava, in which obscure abdominal pain was present, 

 and the vein was enormously distended (' Veterinarian,' vol. xxxix, p. 891). 

 Cruzel tells us that asphyxia from the introduction of air into the veins is 

 frequent in places where venesection is often performed. 



