236 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



of a halter-rope into tlie mouth, which are fruitful sources 

 in the horse. Sometimes the organ is lacerated, and 

 sometimes bitten. This organ must be preserved as 

 much as possibly in its entirety. 



Paralysis op the Tongue has been seen as a result of 

 disease of the cranium or of the brain. It is of rare occur- 

 rence, and generally necessitates slaughter. 



Ulcees of the Tongue persist after foot-and-mouth 

 disease, sloughing of gangrenous portions, and injuries. 

 They interfere very materially with condition, and occa- 

 sionally require stimulation by caustic dressings. The 

 mucous membrane of the mouth of the ox being thicker 

 than that of the horse, is not so frequently affected by 

 careless administration of caustic alkalies imperfectly 

 diluted. Such accidents do occur. As a result the 

 epithelial layer may peel off the organ in a continuous 

 sheet, leaving the red surface of the corium exposed. This 

 is highly painful. Demulcents acidulated are especially 

 indicated in such <;ases. 



Aphtha, or " thrush in the mouth/' is a mild inflamma- 

 tion of the buccal membrane, leading to the formation of 

 a crop of minute conical or acuminate vesicles or pustules. 

 The number and smallness of these suffices to distinguish 

 them from the blebs of foot-and-mouth disease ; they 

 appear especially on the tongue, burst, and leave ulcers, 

 which may run together. It results from direct local irri- 

 tation, and more frequently from ingestion of indigestible 

 matter. There are present the ordinary signs of inflam- 

 mation in the mouth, salivation, heat, and redness, also im- 

 perfect mastication. Febrile symptoms may be present. 



Treatment. — An aperient saline dose is admissible to 

 expel the irritant substances from the alimentary canal. 

 Locally, astringent dressings may prove useful. 



The Tonsils of the ox are depressions extending from 

 the lateral parts of the isthmus faucium. These are deep, 

 and in their walls are embedded ductless glandular bodies. 

 These are the parts which undergo most marked change 

 in diphtheria. They are enlarged in sore throat of various 

 kinds, and are involved in cases of anthrax. 



