268 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



phagus, will prevent sucli a disorder from being of 

 frequent occurrence. Occasionally the omasum and abo- 

 masum become displaced. Thus^ in the ' Edinburgh Veteri- 

 nary Review,' vol. iv, p. 139, a case is recorded in which 

 both these organs became dislocated into the chest. 

 Bvjpture of the Abomasum also occasionally takes place, 

 due to external injury, or, as in the case recorded in the 

 ^ Veterinarian,' vol. xvi, p. 269, to extensive ulceration. 



Parasites are sometimes seen in this organ, and Bujpture 

 of the Blood-vessels of the Stomach sometimes occurs in 

 the ox. 



Various forms of Indigestion, of ill-ascertained cause, 

 which may be included under the headings bulimia, pica, 

 and obscure chronic disorders of the digestive apparatus, 

 are not unfrequent in cattle. Certain nervous conditions, 

 as those which accompany the pregnant state, sometimes 

 seem the sole cause of these, whereas, in other cases, 

 when it is deemed advisable to hand the animal over to 

 the butcher, or gradually increasing anaemia leads to 

 death, on post-mortem examination are found organic 

 changes of long standing and unusual characters, such 

 as cancerous disease of the organ and Stricture of the 

 Pylorus. In the latter disorder there is gradual emaci- 

 ation and a foetid condition of the breath ; it is not 

 infrequent in cattle. Cruzel attributes one form of 

 indigestion to too frequent ingestion of too large draughts 

 of water. 



Perhaps some of these cases of indigestion are due to 

 dyspepsia (pica), induced by irregular and bad feeding, 

 want of exercise, exposure, or deficient sanitary arrange- 

 ments. Sometimes also by the presence of parasites or 

 other foreign bodies. The animal becomes unthrifty, as 

 denoted by the dry, harsh, staring coat, depraved or irregu- 

 lar appetite, irregular and imperfect rumination, a tendency 

 to tympany, flatulence, and torpidity of the bowels, a tucked- 

 up appearance, and rapid loss of flesh. In such cases treat- 

 ment must comprise change of diet and of general sur- 

 rounding conditions, and the administration of stimulant 

 tonics after the bowels have been cleared out by a brisk 



