312 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



part of the tumour hung down in the pharynx and acted 

 as an impediment to swallowing. Exploration was made 

 through the mouth, and the tumour (which weighed 

 nearly half a pound), removed by torsion. The ecraseur 

 may be used for such cases, or a ligature fixed round the 

 pedicle (see Pharyngeal Polypus). 



Paeasites. — Youatt mentions the occasional entry of 

 leeches from stagnant water. They gain access to the 

 nasal chamber through the anterior nares when the 

 animal is drinking. After they have gorged their fill they 

 will loosen their hold and be expelled by sneezing, except 

 when in the superior part of the nasal chamber. They 

 cause considerable haemorrhage, and may be removed by 

 injections of salt and water. 



Other foreign bodies may become fixed in the nasal 

 chamber, or the nasal sinuses may be diseased, giving 

 rise to Nasal Gleet, but this is rare in the ox as compared 

 with the horse, for he is less liable to injuries of the 

 facial bones, and can expel matters returned by vomition 

 through the mouth. 



Laryngitis — Inflammation of the larynx — is a sequela of 

 catarrh or of bronchitis, but may exist as a primary 

 disease. Besides the general signs of inflammation, 

 the pulse has a peculiarly hard character, the throat is 

 swollen, and the muzzle protruded ; considerable pain is 

 evinced on pressure, and a dry, hard, paroxysmal cough 

 may be originated in this way, or occur spontaneously. 

 Also there is profuse discharge of saliva from the mouth, 

 and difficulty and pain in swallowing (sometimes com- 

 plete inability). There is discharge from the nostrils, 

 and the thickening of the laryngeal mucous membrane 

 gives rise to extreme difficulty in breathing, and an early 

 prostration of strength, such as results from defective 

 oxygen supply. This disease may be attributed to the 

 action of those causes which, under other circumstances, 

 give rise to catarrh. Death may occur either through 

 effusion around the rima glottidis, spasm of the larynx, or 

 extension of inflammation. A permanent thickening of the 

 lining mucous membrane of the larynx is likely to result. 



