322 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



sites. Fumigations with chlorine, carbolic acid (coal-tar 

 smoke), and sulphurous anhydride, are supposed to kill the 

 entozoa. They certainly cause such an amount of coughing 

 as leads to expulsion of a very considerable number, but 

 it is highly probable that parasites can stand a more severe 

 dose of these agents than the calves can. Therefore, 

 though these means should be tried they must not supplant 

 the stimulant tonic treatment above suggested. The 

 usual method of fumigation is to collect the patients into 

 a loose box with closed doors and windows. In this the 

 gas is generated as long as the operator is able to bear it, 

 then the apparatus is removed, and the patients left 

 exposed to the gas for about a quarter of an hour accord- 

 ing to their state and the judgment of the veterinary 

 surgeon. The liberation of chlorine is brought about by 

 the action of sulphuric acid, either on a mixture of 

 chloride of sodium and black oxide of manganese, or on 

 bleaching powder. Sulphurous anhydride may be procured 

 by burning sulphur. Finally, we must insist on the avoid- 

 ance of pastures notorious for generating hoose ; especially 

 must caution farmers against keeping animals on them in 

 the later summer months, when the disease is acquired and 

 manifests itself towards the latter part of autumn. As 

 has been so frequently urged by Dr. Cobbold, parasitic 

 disorders of this kind are of national importance, and, 

 therefore, should be taken cognizance of by the govern- 

 ment with a view to prevention. Failing this, energetic 

 well directed action on the part of our agricultural societies 

 could materially reduce the prevalence of these formidable 

 diseases. Agents used in the treatment of husk are some- 

 times administered through the nostrils. Of course, this has 

 no advantage over the method of oral adminstration. It is 

 possible that beneficial effects may result from diffusion of 

 such an agent as turpentine over the nasal mucous mem- 

 brane, whereby it can impregnate thoroughly the inspired 

 air. It also will give rise to violent efforts at expulsion 

 by sneezing. 



Pulmonary Congestion occasionally occurs in the ox 

 under an acute form, as a result of over- driving and over- 



