324 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



and mouth. It results from acute pulmonary congestion, 

 from laceration of the lung substance, or from specific 

 disorders, such as give rise to ulceration in the lungs (as 

 phthisis) or as cause subacute congestion of those organs. 

 The amount of blood which thus escapes is not often 

 considerable and the flow will cease spontaneously, but 

 sometimes cold applications to the sides and administration 

 of haemostatics are indicated. 



Pneumonitis — Inflammatory Pneumonia {Inflammation of 

 the Lungs) — varies in its nature at the commencement of 

 an attack according to the parts primarily involved. Thus 

 we find three forms described : 



I. Grupous or lohar, due to blood disease, is preceded 

 by acute congestion, which is followed by accumulations, 

 mainly in the air-cells, of lymphy deposit intermingled 

 with leucocytes, proliferating epithelial cells, and extra va- 

 sated red corpuscles. Thus, the lung over a considerable 

 part of its extent is rendered firm, and is found granular 

 and somewhat mottled on section. This condition is red 

 hepatization. It is succeeded by more marked prolifera- 

 tion of the epithelial cells and increased escape of leu- 

 cocytes, and thus the air-cells becomes blocked up with 

 young cells, which subsequently undergo fatty degenera- 

 tion ; this is grey hepatization. Softening of the 

 deposits may occur as a secondary process. The inter- 

 lobular areolar tissue is the seat of lymphy deposit, and 

 constitutes yellowish bands extending across the cut 

 surface of the lung. 



II. Broncho-pneumonia — Lobular or Catarrhal Inflam- 

 mation of the Lungs — results from extension of bronchitis 

 into the pulmonary vesicles. Sometimes it depends upon 

 reflux of inflammatory products ; in other cases it is 

 determined by the perversion of function which is 

 brought about by diminished supply of air. The air- 

 cells become blocked up with the inflammatory products 

 of mucous membrane; the inflamed parts of the lung 

 therefore undergo one form of grey consolidation. It 

 leads to congestion, collapse, and emphysema. As a 

 result of the inflammation, a serous effusion takes place 



