THE URINARY APPARATUS. 343 



substances into the bladder, after drawing off its contents 

 with the catheter ; also free administration of water and 

 mucilaginous drinks, warm-water applications to the 

 abdomen; warm sedative injections, as infusion of 

 poppies ; sedative and febrifuge agents, which are not 

 excreted by the kidneys. Of course, careful nursing is 

 required. 



Spasm op the Neck op the Bladder is not frequent in 

 the ox, but some cases have been recorded. 



Rupture op the Bladder results from over-distension. 

 It is denoted by sudden cessation of the acute signs of reten- 

 tion, and especially collapse of the organ, as felt per rectum, 

 without any passage of the urine externally. Uraemic 

 symptoms occur and bring about death, which may take 

 place from collapse or the bursting of the viscus. When 

 there is retention of urine, throwing the animal for 

 operation may cause this accident. Sometimes it has 

 occurred when the animal fell in dying. The state of the 

 peritoneum ought to inform us whether such has been the 

 case, or the flooding of the abdomen with urine took place 

 earlier. This lesion is, of course, fatal. 



Inversion op the Bladder is seen in the female animal, 

 and is due to violent parturient throes. Amatage has seen it 

 follow the administration of irritant medicines. Youatt 

 quotes a case where the wall of the vagina rup- 

 tured, and the bladder was herniated through it. The 

 practitioner in attendance punctured this, and the urine 

 escaped. In a true case of inversion {prolapsus vesica) 

 the organ appears as a red tumour, projecting from the 

 floor of the vulva, and having urine constantly trickling 

 from it. Thus, the urine constantly drops from the 

 urino-generative opening, and excoriates the surrounding 

 parts. In such a case it is advisable to slaughter the 

 patient, for the accident is extremely liable to recur. 

 After straining pains have ceased the organ may be re- 

 turned. Little difficulty is generally experienced in 

 accomplishing this, because of the large size of the 

 urethral canal in the female. In a case of rupture of the 

 wall of the vulva, with hernia of the bladder, the latter 



