346 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



done are large screw forceps curved and tootlied at the 

 end. They are passed through the urethra of the patient 

 (from, the perineal incision in the male), and the stone, 

 having been grasped, is broken by a few turns of the 

 screw handle. This operation is said to be facilitated 

 by frequent injection of a weak solution of hydrochloric 

 acid. 



Lithotomy — " Cutting for the stone '^ — consists in in- 

 cisions through the urethral walls, whereby the passage 

 is rendered large enough for extraction of the stone. 

 The presence of calculus having been confirmed by intro- 

 duction of a sound through the vulva and urethra of the 

 female, or through an incision made down on the urethra 

 at the ischial arch in the male, and so into the bladder, 

 the walls of the passage are incised obliquely upwards 

 and outwards (whereby the artery of the bulb is avoided) 

 by a concealed bistoury and the stone withdrawn with for- 

 ceps. Subsequently in the male, the wound requires to 

 be closed by means of sutures after the bladder has been 

 thoroughly washed out. This wound will gradually close, 

 but the bowels must be kept in a slightly relaxed state. 

 These operations, however, are seldom performed on the 

 oxj we have not, therefore, given minutely such details 

 as the practitioner will derive from works upon the sur- 

 gery of the horse. The bladder of the ox is much more 

 thoroughly invested by peritoneum than that of the 

 horse, and extends somewhat further forwards into the 

 abdominal cavity; thus, it might, in cases of emergency, 

 be punctured through the walls of the abdomen in front 

 of the symphysis ; again, it has been suggested to evacuate 

 the contents of the organ by incision from the rectum. 

 These formidable operations are seldom required. 



Tumours in the Bladder are sometimes found post 

 mortem in cases of incontinence of urine. They are very 

 rare, and seem to be of an epitheliomatous nature.^ 



1 Mr. H. King Shaw exhibited at the meeting of the Central Veterinary 

 Society, November, 1880, a most interesting case of vesicular polypus from a 

 cow. The principal tumour was pedunculated and of considerable size, and 

 two others were just commencing to grow. The specimen, without any 

 history, hud been obtained from a slaughter-house. 



