350 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



affected part ; a lajfative dose also may be administered. 

 Sometimes the disorder does not lead to ulceration^ but 

 in other cases even the gland tissue becomes involved, 

 and when the heat and pain in the parts is considerable, 

 the precautions suggested for acute mammitis must be 

 tried. Farmers usually keep elder ointment about them 

 for cases of this kind, but the ordinary Glycerinum Acidi 

 Carbolici will prove most useful when the calf has been 

 removed, for it will also keep away the flies. 



Eczema is the vesicular stage of dermatitis, and, there- 

 fore, is generally preceded by erythema. The surface of 

 the skin presents a number of vesicles, while a somewhat 

 acrid fluid exudes upon it, and the hairs fall off. The 

 process is accompanied by a considerable amount of itch- 

 ing, and the friction with which the patient endeavours 

 to relieve this renders the parts raw and bloody. The 

 vesicular eruption is recurrent, and thus the case lasts for 

 some time ; it is liable to lead to cracks in the skin or to 

 resolution. In the latter case the secretion dries, and 

 protects the inflamed parts. When this disease becomes 

 chronic it leads to thickening of the skin, due to a horny 

 change of the epidermis and induration of the dermis 

 which is traversed by elongated sluggish ulcers. This 

 Armatage describes as Psoeiasis, and he says : '^ The 

 parts where this disease is located are the legs chiefly, 

 one, two, or all of which may be affected. We have seen 

 cattle of all ages turned upon clay pastures, and those in 

 which lime abounds, suffering repeatedly from the com- 

 bined irritation of these substances with wet and cold, as 

 well as severe lameness, to the great detriment of con- 

 dition, health, and even sloughing of hoofs.'^ He sug- 

 gests prolonged fomentations, followed by poultices, 

 a laxative dose, and clean quarters ; also doses of Liquor 

 Arsenicalis in long-standing cases. Simple erythema 

 almost always depends upon improper diet, and is asso- 

 ciated with special changes of surrounding influences. In 

 treatment of it the food must be changed, a cathartic dose 

 given, and weak carbolic solutions may be applied locally. 



HERrES. — When the vesicles of eczema arc arranged in 



