352 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



to the surface of the skin. Some authorities trace this 

 disorder to defective action of excretory organs, notably 

 the kidneys. In cases of '^ stinge'^ tracheotomy may be 

 necessary. Urticaria is essentially a serous effusion. 



Ecthyma or Acne is the formation of discrete (or sepa- 

 rate) abscesses, of various sizes, in skin substance, a 

 sebaceous gland being generally involved. These burst 

 externally, producing a brownish scab. " They may be 

 frequently seen if carefully sought for upon those parts of 

 cattle covered by thin skin and few hairs, as upon the 

 udder, and about the vulva, inside the thighs, &c." 

 Constitutional symptoms are seldom present ; the dis- 

 order seems to depend upon local influences. When the 

 pus has become evacuated the pustules heal with facility. 



FuEUNCULUs is intense localised dermatitis, involving 

 the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and leading to death of 

 a portion of structure, which is expelled as the ^^ core'^ of 

 the boil. The inflammation runs high, and requires to 

 be determined to suppuration by poultices and fomenta- 

 tions, and, after bursting, the usual treatment of abscess. 



Carbuncle differs from boil in the large amount of 

 tissue which dies, and requires to be removed by slough- 

 ing. It is generally due to specific influences, as in cases 

 of anthrax. It constitutes a serious drain on the system ; 

 hence removal of the dead parts with the knife, anti- 

 septic dressings, and (internally) stimulant tonics are 

 indicated. 



Pemphigus. — Mr. Isaac Seaman, of Saffron Walden, 

 gives a good case of this disease, as affecting a three- 

 year-old bullock (see 'Veterinarian,' vol. xxv, p. 262). 

 There was diffused inflammation of the skin, with effusion 

 of serum, " which elevated the cuticle in places, forming 

 bullsB or bladders, varying in size from a small nut to a 

 fowl's egg. In other places a thin transparent fluid was drop- 

 ping from the hair, and in some places in quite a stream.'' 

 The mucous membranes also seemed involved, and consti- 

 tutional symptoms ran very high. The case terminated 

 successfully after about a week, but the hair was appa- 

 rently lost from several parts of the body. This disease is 



