THE SKIN. 855 



millet seed to twice that bulk. In a fortniglit they were 

 gone/' We have already had occasion to notice warty 

 growths, as they are sometimes found in the oesophagus. 

 When developed on the udder and teats they prove very un- 

 satisfactory, for they make the animal troublesome to milk. 



Treatment. — Where these growths prove unsightly or 

 detrimental they must be surgically removed, either with the 

 knife and actual cautery, or by means of ligature. They are 

 generally pedunculated, so that the latter can be applied 

 with facility. Some prefer to destroy by the application 

 of caustic agents, but this is a slow process. 



Atrophic Diseases. — Alopecia or Depilation — bald- 

 ness of the skin — sometimes results from disease. Occa- 

 sionally calves are born in this state (see ' Veterinary 

 Journal,' vol. x, p. 302). It is hopeless to endeavour 

 to cure this in congenital cases, but when it is attributed 

 to disease, mild repeated stimulation, especially with can- 

 tharides, may promote renewal of hair. In man it is 

 sometimes due to parasites. 



Functional Disorders.— (Edema, v. Anasarca, is not a 

 rare affection of cattle, in which there is dropsy of the sub- 

 cutaneous tissue of the lower parts of the body. It may 

 depend upon inflammation of the skin, but far more fre- 

 quently is due to constitutional disorder, as anaemia and 

 hydraemia. It accompanies dropsical affections of other 

 serous cavities. 



Treatment of this state comprises tonic means and 

 sedative diuretics, such, especially, as digitalis. Careful 

 nursing and local friction by means of hand-rubbing of 

 the affected parts will tend to promote absorption. This 

 disease is not so frequent in the ox as in the horse. 



Emphysema is escape of gas into the subcutaneous 

 areolar tissue, dependent upon decomposition of the blood 

 or of structural elements, or some profound changes in 

 the blood of the part due to nervous influence, sometimes 

 also to entry of air either through an external wound or 

 a tear in lung substance. This is most often seen in 

 black - quarter ; sometimes the foetus, on birth, is found to 

 be in an emphysematous condition. In these cases there 



