414 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



growth and aggregation of successive crops of these pro- 

 cesses, which are termed granulations ; they consist of 

 granulation tissue, which is at first composed solely of 

 leucocytes, either united by soft fibrinous intercellular 

 substance, or aggregated longitudinally around certain 

 capillary loops, which are shooting into the new tissue 

 from the blood-vessels of the nearest uninjured part. As a 

 fresh outpouring of leucocytes occurs those nearest the 

 surface escape as pus, and those deeply situated become 

 new tissue. The skin surrounding the wound is stretched 

 over it to the utmost extent of its yielding, and the part of 

 the surface still uncovered is closed in by a growth of epi- 

 thelial cells, which takes place from the nearest cutis, or 

 sometimes from some generating centres in the granula- 

 tion tissue on the surface of the wound. This process of 

 completing repair is termed cicatrisation. Union by 

 granulation is slow, taxes the strength, and its newly- 

 formed tissue is liable to become the seat of degenerations. 

 Sometimes healing under a scab takes place ; it is granu- 

 lation without access of the air, whereby all the leucocytic 

 material can be utilised for granulation, and none is lost 

 as pus. The scab is formed by the discharges of the 

 wound, which have dried and entangled other matters with 

 them to form a hard layer. 



Adhesion of Granulations may be brought about by 

 binding together of two granulating surfaces, whereby 

 organic continuity is induced. 



In the treatment of wounds the first indication is to 

 chech hcemorrhage, if present. This may be arterial or 

 venous. When not very profuse it will not require special 

 measures, but sometimes it persists long enough to debili- 

 tate the patient, and even produce syncope. Arterial 

 haemorrhage depends upon the nature of the incision or 

 wound of the artery. When an artery is completely 

 divided it retracts into its sheath, and also contracts, and 

 thus impediment to haemorrhage is brought about, except 

 when the vessel is a large one. Partial division may be 

 longitudinal or transverse ; in the latter case the haemor- 

 rhage will be greater, for the wound gapes. Persistent 



